Yes.... and no. You CAN "pump" fish by feeding them extraordinarily large amounts of high protien food from day one - but all fry do much better if given a good steady diet of protien. Algae is great for nibbling - but a good supply of live brine shrimp/daphnia/ etc. fed many times a day is still best for growing fry well.
Some breeders do grow their fish extremely fast. This is accomplished by having extraordinarily good water conditions, plenty of good food, lack of stessors and great genetics. It is worth money to a breeder to grow a fish to saleable size as quickly as possible - so they do.
It IS possible to "pump" a fish so hard and fast that some of them do seem to have life long problems. There are a few breeders/importers that supply fish that appear to have had this done - many, many very GOOD fish keepers have all experienced bad luck with fish bought from specific breeders that sell young/large fish - it is a common discussion topic at meetings - and all the fish seem to have traits in common. Whether it is a result of certain genetic makeup, "pumping" or something else, it is difficult to determine - for all the parameters are not known. But it is common enough that I would be leary of fish that are VERY large, yet young.
I would be cautious of purchasing large fish that are purported to being very young. Some of these are what I call "One-show fish". They can be groomed and gorgeous for one show, but quickly go downhill in the next weeks. But I would NOT be worried about over feeding your own fish with "too much protien"..... most likely you would be unable to do it..... With tremendous amounts of protien (and most foods) you also get trememdous amounts of waste. The amounts of water that would need to be changed, DAILY, in an indoor tank setup, make it virtually impossible to feed that way. You would poison the fish with the water parameters before the food had a chance to make a difference.
I tried "pumping" a set of fish once - 4 matched babies from a single spawning. The two that were "pumped" outgrew their spawn mates by amazing amounts. By the time they were 8 months old, they were an easy 3-5 inches.... while the others were only 2ish. They also died within a day of contacting an infection - making me question where their immunity levels were. This was in no way/shape or form a good scientific experiment - but it does make me question the whole system of "pumping" fish even more. Pumping has been reported and questioned for years and years - from many, MANY fish keepers.
By all means - feed those fry well. Protien in the form of live brine shrimp and other things is a GREAT meal - done every 2-3 hours all day long - is one of the best ways to raise healthy babies. Feed the bigger fish well, but less. Less food will keep your fish healthy, active, and swimming level and steady.