Yeah, you don't "need" carbon in a filter, unlike mechanical and biological filtration - in most cases chemical filtration media of any kind is an optional element.
However, it can have a place as part of a filtration mix, however it is purely personal as to whether you choose to use it or not.
Carbon is not only used for removing medications as frequently qouted. It can and is useful for (as an adjunct to regular water changes too) for removing other organic pollutants, colourations and odours. It is also acts as a fine filter scrub (like polyester for example) in removing small particles and polishing the water. Over time it can also host beneficial bacteria, although as you should always change carbon frequently, this is less useful and yes there are much better platforms for hosting bacteria (sponges, ceramics etc.)
I think carbon can and does have it's place and I say that as someone who actually uses it regularly and enjoys the very visable results. It all comes down to individual setups and personal preference. Like all chemical filtration media's it is very important to use it correctly in order to get good results and maintain a safe and healthy environment for your fish