Hi Peanuts, I found this link while googling
http://www.unlimited-power.co.uk/Solar_Pumps_Fountains.htmlThey make solar power pond pumps, although probably better suited for larger ponds and look at the starting price - £285!

Although, it could be a good long term investment. Not sure it's appropriate for a barrel pond though, still interesting. I think the smallest one does 700l/hr. Have a look at it anyways.
The battery-powered air pump sponge filter sounds like a good idea, although you may need a large and powerful airpump to sponge filter a barrel pond and that may cost battery-wise. Maybe others can suggest some more options.
BTW How big is the barrel pond? Sounds like a lovely idea