I have two general rules for knowing if I can add more fish to a tank -
Do I have enough water volume to keep the water quality good (0 ammonia, 0 nitrite, <40 ppm nitrate) given the amount of time I have to dedicate to cleaning every week and changing it - this chart gives you an idea how fast waste production increases as your fish gets bigger:
http://www.goldfishutopia.com/information....241f892da627294Is there enough physical space in the tank for the fish to swim end to end and turn around comfortably and keep up a reasonable muscle development. Both amount of space and the shape of the tank make a big difference.
I think most people say 10 gallons per fancy and 20 gallons per single tail because as a general rule, that's an easy recommendation that makes it possible for most people. I'm much more likely to overstock a large tank than a small one, because the fish can still cruise around successfully, and a well designed and cycled filter system can keep water management under control.