
I've extracted Cory Catfish from a Goldie's mouth twice,and it was not a very nice experience,believe me.

In general, The UDC get around 3-4 inches big and are considered a dwarf catfish.IMO,I consider the Upside down Catfish a peaceful loving,laid back kind of fish .They can deal with temps in the lower 70's,but they tend to do better with moderately soft and slightly acidic to neutral water. A well-planted tank is ideal, preferably using broad-leafed plants, as they like to browse the undersides of leaves. Driftwood, rock arches, and caves that provide places to hide, are recommended. It is quite normal for this fish to hang out on the underside of rocks, leaves,etc. As our goldies grow big, need extra powerful filtration,normally are in a plantless tank as they tend to eat them all,and really need their ph on the higher side,I don't feel that they are a good choice to go with goldfish.
I'm not sure,but chances are that you saw either African clawed frogs or African Dwarf frogs in the tank if the tank was fully aquatic.
African dwarf frogs barely get 2 inches or so big.They can't handle alot of powerful filtration,and they need to go to the top on occasion to take a breath before they can stay submerged for a good while. I can't tell you how many people have told me that their frog got grabbed by their goldfish when the frog came shooting up for some air.

Unfortunately,these frogs stay "Bite Size" for goldies,and although it may work for a bit,at some point there will be an accident,so it's not a good idea at all to house them with goldies.The frogs finding food would be another major factor on that. Other things like PH,temps,big water changes etc. all affect these little frogs and they tend to die rather easily from them.
I have known a few people who have kept Clawed frogs with Goldfish for a while,but in the end they've always ended up seperating them.A clawed frog's body will get to be the size of an adult closed fist,and that's not counting it's length for arms and legs. They are Predator's and will go after and eat anything that they can fit into their mouth.I learned that the hard way when I had a clawed frog that was still pretty tiny.I let him share a tank with a betta,and things were fine for a while until one day I walked in and saw him swallowing the last of my Beautiful Red Male Crowntail Betta,who was huge in comparison to this frog.

I will never get that awful picture to go away as it really shocked me alot. They have voracious appetites and will be in constant competition with your goldfish for food,and your goldfish could possibly end up being their dinner.
Ther are a few types of Lobsters that you see in the Pet store.Yes,they say that you can keep them with bigger goldfish,but the trick is to figure out how big.These too can also be considered Predator's as they have been known to attack fish as they are sleeping on the bottom at night.Lobsters are really best kept in a species only tank.
Sorry,as I know I haven't probably given any answers that you were hoping to hear,but I can only give you what I've known or read,or experienced,and this is only my opinion.