At 350 gph you would normally be doing just perfectly for a 30 gallon tank. THat is a bit over 10 times turn over per hour which is the minimum rule of thumb for goldfish.
This filter comes with two baskets in the back. I recommend you really pack them brimming with bio-balls, ceramic cylindars or sintered glass bio media, because you are dramtically over loading the tank, even if the fish are small.
If you pull the six fish that are overstocked from the 10's, that is still a tremendous load for the 30. I think I would even drop another, small filter over the edge of the 30 until you can upgrade or get another tank - simply to add the extra filtration and bio-base to support all those fish. You will also need to really watch the water parameters - and will problably have to do water changes every 4 days or so. If you have not already bought the Penguin, you could go for the Emperor 400, a wonderful filter that has adjustable flow and the same large space for biological filtration. It adds just a few more gallons per hour. (Remember, that gph is only in ideal situations - as soon as it gets a bit dirty, it slows down.)
Remember - you may be able to keep the water under control, but your fish will simply not get "big" if they are cramped for too long - particularly in the young developmental age.
I am happy you are here! It sounds like you have a really interesting set of fish!