I open the cannister and set the pump top, right side up on a towel. Do not turn it upside down for you may get water in parts that should not be wet.
I then take each layer and set them in a large bucket. The white filter pad needs to be rinsed as well as possible or replaced if it does not come clean enough. This pad holds very little beneficial bacteria compared to the rest of the filter, so feel free to blast it clean from the tap if you wish.
The tray with the sintered glass is your main bacteria colony. Care must be taken to not disturb this. It does, however, need a bit of cleaning. Once the trays are in the big bucket, I syphon used fish water from the tank down into that bucket. I pump each tray up and down in the used fish water. The blue sponge that is on top of the bottom tray needs to be squeezed out in fish water. If the water gets too yucky, dump it, and syphon some more over the trays. When those are generally clean - it really takes just a pump or two up and down for my trays, and a good squeeze and swish for the blue pad - I take the rest of the canniter body and dump it into the sink. There will be a ton of very nasty waste in the bottom - that is where it is supposed to gather.
I then stack the trays and sponge and pads back together into the cannister body - making sure the holes liine up. Fill up the cannister to the top and latch the pump top back on. Then hook it back up to your lines.
When you plug it in, the primer pump will start it with one or two pushes. If you do not fill the cannister body, you will not get it primed. When I start mine up, some algae films that were stuck on the inside of the output tubes will blast out of there and float around in the tank. The goldies eat these and/or they are filtered out.
Since my Eheim 2028 is one of 3 filters on my tank, I only clean it once every 4th tank cleaning or so. I clean the other filters every cleaning. If yours is your only filter, you may have to clean it a bit more often. It is really easy to do so, though. Very quick and easy.

Edit: the only media I have ever changed in my Eheim is the white filter pad - I buy a bulk sized one and cut it myself. The rest of the media does not break down and does not wear out.