Like maniacholic said, peas are a good starting vegetable. Most goldfish love peas.
Use the frozen ones--if you can get unsalted, that is the best. Since your goldie is small, take one pea and put it in some warm water to thaw it, pop off the skin and there will be two halves. Cut the halves into smaller pieces and drop a little piece in the tank.
It may take a bit for your goldie to notice it or it may get snapped up right away.

Add more pieces but if any are uneaten, remove them so they won't rot in the tank.