Oh, now the picture is much clearer!

Where it went wrong was somewhere around the time they got fed with the egg yolk stuff. That clouds your water really bad, and I try to stay away from it. If nothing else, the fry food called "liquifry for lifebearers" is so much better, and cleaner too.
Then there is the filter thing - the best and safest one for fry are simple sponge filters. Its nothing but a piece of sponge, connected via an airline tubing to an airpump. The pump pushes air through the airline down the sponge, and because of the suction when the air goes back up to the surface, the sponge sucks up debris from the tank bottom. Its mostly a biological filtration, but since most of the gunk collects under the sponge, its somewhat mechanical too. With that kind of filter the fry don't end up getting sucked up into anything, its gentle enough for them.
With no filter whatsoever its very hard to keep the water quality up and perfect, which is what the fry need for perfect development. Imagine, the heavy feedings, and no filter = decreasing water quality.
They also would have needed a bigger tank over time, since the space you provide for them is important in their growth potential. The bigger, the better. They are fine in a little bucket for a week or two, but after that its off into a bigger home, with shallow water at first and that sponge filter, and over time keep adding more and more water. Frequent water changes are also good for them, since they need to be fed around 4-5 times a day. If the water for the change was the same temperature and dechlorinated, then it was perfect for them.
The baby goldfish food was fine, try supplementing the fry next time with newly hatched brine shrimp eggs (you can do that yourself or buy some frozen newly hatched ones at Petsupermarket in the freezer section, its a new thing there).
Those little buggers are sure a ton of work for the 6 months or so, everything evolves around feeding and water changes, and then some more food and water changes....

All in all, with your very first batch and nobody to help you in correctly raising them, you did good and still have some from that batch! A lot of us do a lot of mistakes the first time around anyhow, nobody is perfect. I don't even wonna mention the stuff I did with my first batch! Thank goodness they can't talk!

My shubunkins did their thing a few days ago, and the eggs just started to hatch today. From my first count, looks like around 200. And I already have the brine shrimp hatchery going and ordered some excellent baby food for them - a microworm starter kit. Those are really great - easy to digest, even for the smallest fish, nutricious, and I can get the starter kit going and going. Look at Aquabid.com in the live food section for helpful starter kits. Sponge filters are cycled and ready to go, and the bigger containers are standing in line when its time to give them a bigger home. It doesn't have to be an expensive tank, a good sized rubbermaid will do - anything 30-50 gl goes a very long way....
If I missed anything, give me a buzz....