ranchugirl has a good point. i didnt catch that the first time i read your post. any new test results yet?
from the looks of the pics you posted, it looks a bit more like ulcers to me. this is evident by the redness in them. you can either treat these ulcers manually, or try waterborne meds. i would try manually first. heres a link to another members thread that seems to have the same ulcers your oranda does:
ulcers by the way, gorgeous goldie!
firstly, before any treatment can be considered effective, youll need to know what the water quality is in the tank and fix it if need be. once you know what these levels are actually at, youll know how much water you need to change each week to keep it clean and the nitrAtes as low as you can. any ammonia or nitrItes that are in readable amounts (or high nitrAtes) are considered to compromise most any treatments and should be kept as low as possible.
as for the rule of thumb that you read (about 1 inch per....etc), its regarded more for small tropical fish species (warm water fish). goldfish (coldwater fish) have the ability to grow very big and are voracious eaters. being that they eat so much, they poop alot. knowing this, its best to keep them in as large a tank as you can keep for them, starting at ten gallons per fancy goldfish. the common "feeder" (term used loosely) type goldfish can grow even larger than fancy types and need even more gallonage (15-25 plus gallons per goldie) because they can grow to a foot in length, even larger. so, in short, its best to provide goldfish as much gallonage as you can coupled with efficient filtration. keep in mind, 95% of the manufacturers suggestions for filters and the tanks they are for is unacceptable for goldfish. it seems that in the end, goldfish are the exception to almost every rule in general fishkeeping. i think thats why i like them so much to tell the truth.
anyway, let us know about the water params as soon as you can.