Bubblegoose, the simplest, and fastest way, to look into a fishies gill is, taking him out and holding him with the hand you are usually not used to do things with. Like, when you are right handed, hold him with your left, so you can go on with the gill checking with your right.
Said that, keep one whole side of the fish in the water, so he does not panic so much, and since you dont have much of a fingernail, you could use a pair of tweezers, and lift the gill plate up carefully and look inside....
For what different colors and conditions of gills mean, you can go check out
http://users.megapathdsl.net/~solo/puregol...Fish%20PhysicalIts pretty good explained there!
Good luck,and lets us know what you see!