QUOTE(maniacholic @ Oct 24 2004, 12:42 PM)
dunno.
Letsee... The
Linus Pauling people sayQUOTE
Red blood cells, like all blood cells, are derived from precursor cells called stem cells. These stem cells are dependent on retinoids for normal differentiation into red blood cells. Additionally, vitamin A appears to facilitate the mobilization of iron from storage sites to the developing red blood cell for incorporation into hemoglobin, the oxygen carrier in red blood cells (2, 7).
Iron and vitamin A: Vitamin A deficiency may exacerbate iron deficiency anemia. Vitamin A supplementation has been shown to have beneficial effects on iron deficiency anemia and improve iron nutritional status among children and pregnant women. The combination of vitamin A and iron seems to reduce anemia more effectively than either iron or vitamin A alone (11).
Doesn't look like iron protects against Vitamin A toxicity. It looks like Vitamin A helps iron be used for hemaglobin tho.
Cool.. they say: 12 mcg of beta-carotene from foods are required to provide the body with 1 mcg of retinol, giving dietary beta-carotene an RAE ratio of 12:1.
so that means we don't have to worry about beta carontene getting toxic.
They also say:
QUOTE
The condition caused by vitamin A toxicity is called hypervitaminosis A. It is caused by overconsumption of preformed vitamin A, not carotenoids. Preformed vitamin A is rapidly absorbed and slowly cleared from the body, so toxicity may result acutely from high-dose exposure over a short period of time, or chronically from much lower intake (2). Vitamin A toxicity is relatively rare. Symptoms include nausea, headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, dizziness, and dry skin. Signs of chronic toxicity include, dry itchy skin, loss of appetite, headache, and bone and joint pain. Severe cases of hypervitaminosis A may result in liver damage, hemorrhage, and coma. Generally, signs of toxicity are associated with long-term consumption of vitamin A in excess of 10 times the RDA (8,000 to 10,000 mcg/day or 25,000 to 33,000 IU/day).
Note that's all human info. Should be similar in fish, but I've gotten in trouble before generalizing from human to fish physiology.