"The method of under gravel filteration with the discharge suck up from below the substrate has some detrimental effect. Firstly, substrate fertilizer cannot be used. Secondly, once the bottom sand start to age, it will no longer be efficient as a filter media, and lastly, as the plants grow, their roots will interfere with the flow of water through the substrate. However, this method is actually effective only in the early stages of the planted aquarium. It brings oxygenated water directly to the plants' roots and evens out the temperature difference between substrate and water. Though this improves growth in the early stages, in fact it only brings the aquarium closer to the problems that will develop later. Of course, this principle does not apply to the aquarist who changes the layout frequently."
quoted from:
Aquajournal